Composition of Object-Oriented Software Design Models

...................................................................................... ix Preface ........................................................................................... x Statement of Contribution............................................................... x Acknowledgements....................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................... 1 Thesis Contributions....................................................................... 8 Thesis Structure .............................................................................. 9 Chapter 2: Motivation................................................................ 11 Specification Paradigms Across Lifecycle ................................... 12 Requirements ............................................................................................ 13 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design ...................................................... 16 Object-Oriented Implementation .............................................................. 18 Comparison .............................................................................................. 18 Example: Software Engineering Environment ............................. 19 Requirements Specification ...................................................................... 19 Supported Grammar for Expressions ....................................................... 20 Expressions as Abstract Syntax Trees ...................................................... 20 SEE System Design, Version 1.0 ................................................. 22 Product Flexibility .................................................................................... 26 Comprehensibility .................................................................................... 27 Managerial ............................................................................................... 28 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 29 Evolving the SEE System Design................................................. 29 New Requirements .................................................................................... 29 Extending Version 1.0 directly ................................................................. 30 Using Design Patterns .............................................................................. 30 Assessing Design Patterns ........................................................................ 32 Summary ................................................................................................... 34 Drawing Conclusions for a Solution............................................. 34 Chapter Summary ......................................................................... 35 Chapter 3: Related Work........................................................... 37 Requirements Engineering Models............................................... 38 Viewpoints and Perspectives .................................................................... 38 Use Cases ................................................................................................. 40 Features .................................................................................................... 41 Services and Facilities .............................................................................. 42 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Models ............................. 42 Unified Modeling Language (UML) ......................................................... 42 ii Role Modeling (OORam) .......................................................................... 43 Catalysis ................................................................................................... 44 Role Modelling (Kristensen) ..................................................................... 45 Contracts .................................................................................................. 45 Views ........................................................................................................ 46 Design Patterns ........................................................................................ 47 Object-Oriented Programming Models ........................................ 48 Subject-Oriented Programming ............................................................... 48 Aspect-Oriented Programming ................................................................ 49 Composition Filters .................................................................................. 50 Adaptive Software ..................................................................................... 51 Metaobject Protocols ................................................................................ 52 Database Models........................................................................... 53 Discussion..................................................................................... 57 Chapter Summary ......................................................................... 63 Chapter 4: Composition of OO Designs: The Model .............. 64 Decomposing Design Models....................................................... 65 Structural Matching with Requirements ................................................... 66 Overlapping Subjects ................................................................................ 70 Composing Design Models........................................................... 71 What does a Subject look like? ................................................................. 72 Composing Design Subjects ..................................................................... 75 Deferring Subject Composition ................................................................ 78 Specifying Composition ............................................................... 78 Specifying Inputs ...................................................................................... 79 Identifying Corresponding Elements ........................................................ 80 Scope of Composition Relationship .......................................................... 83 Rules for Specifying a Composition Relationship .................................... 84 Integration of Inputs ................................................................................. 87 Override Integration ................................................................................. 88 Merge Integration ..................................................................................... 91 Notation .................................................................................................... 95 Analysis of the Output of a Composition ..................................... 95 Forwarding of References ........................................................................ 96 Ill-Formedness of Result ........................................................................... 99 Using Subject-Oriented Design .................................................. 102 Usefulness throughout Development Process ........................................ 103 What Size is a Subject? ........................................................................... 104 Duplication of Effort .............................................................................. 104 How Complex is Composition Specification? ........................................ 105 Feature Interaction Problem .................................................................. 106 Chapter Summary ....................................................................... 107 Chapter 5: Composition Relationship: An extension to the UML Metamodel ................................................................................. 109 The UML Metamodel ................................................................. 109 Composable Elements ................................................................ 111 Composition Relationship .......................................................... 113 Description of Constructs ....................................................................... 113 Well-Formedness Rules .......................................................................... 117 Semantics for Identifying Corresponding Elements ............................... 122 Semantics for Forwarding References to Composed Elements .............. 123 Chapter Summary ....................................................................... 125